Products related to Indo-European:
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The Indo-European Languages
The Indo-European Languages presents a comprehensive survey of the individual languages and language subgroups within this language family. With over four hundred languages and dialects and almost three billion native speakers, the Indo-European language family is the largest of the recognized language groups and includes most of the major current languages of Europe, the Iranian plateau and the Indian subcontinent. Written by an international team of experts, this comprehensive, single-volume tome presents in-depth discussions of the historical development and specialized linguistic features of the Indo-European languages. This unique resource remains the ideal reference for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students of Indo-European linguistics and languages, but also for more experienced researchers looking for an up-to-date survey of separate Indo-European branches.It will be of interest to researchers and anyone with an interest in historical linguistics, linguistic anthropology and language development.
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The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World
This book introduces Proto-Indo-European and explores what the language reveals about the people who spoke it.The Proto-Indo-Europeans lived somewhere in Europe or Asia between 5,500 and 8,000 years ago, and no text of their language survives.J. P. Mallory and Douglas Adams show how over the last two centuries scholars have reconstructed it from its descendant languages, the surviving examples of which comprise the world's largest language family.After a concise account of Proto-Indo-European grammar and a consideration of its discovery, they use the reconstructed language and related evidence from archaeology and natural history to examine the lives, thoughts, passions, culture, society, economy, history, and environment of the Proto-Indo-Europeans.Our distant ancestors had used the wheel, were settled arable farmers, kept sheep and cattle, brewed beer, got married, made weapons, and had 27 verbs for the expression of strife.The subjects to which the authors devote chapters include fauna, flora, family and kinship, clothing and textiles, food and drink, space and time, emotions, mythology, religion, and the continuing quest to discover the Proto-Indo-European homeland. Proto-Indo-European-English and English-Proto-Indo-European vocabularies and full indexes conclude the book.Written in a clear, readable style and illustrated with maps, figures, and tables, this book is on a subject of great and enduring fascination.It will appeal to students of languages, classics, and the ancient world, as well as to general readers interested in the history of language and of early human societies.
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Indo-European Linguistics : An Introduction
The Indo-European language family consists of many of the modern and ancient languages of Europe, India and Central Asia, including Latin, Greek, Sanskrit, Russian, German, French, Spanish and English.Spoken by an estimated three billion people, it has the largest number of native speakers in the world today.This textbook provides an accessible introduction to the study of the Indo-European languages.It clearly sets out the methods for relating the languages to one another, presents an engaging discussion of the current debates and controversies concerning their classification, and offers sample problems and suggestions for how to solve them.Complete with a comprehensive glossary, almost 100 tables in which language data and examples are clearly laid out, suggestions for further reading, discussion points, and a range of exercises, this text will be an essential toolkit for all those studying historical linguistics, language typology and the Indo-European languages for the first time.
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The Indo-European Language Family
Modern languages like English, Spanish, Russian and Hindi as well as ancient languages like Greek, Latin and Sanskrit all belong to the Indo-European language family, which means that they all descend from a common ancestor.But how, more precisely, are the Indo-European languages related to each other?This book brings together pioneering research from a team of international scholars to address this fundamental question.It provides an introduction to linguistic subgrouping as well as offering comprehensive, systematic and up-to-date analyses of the ten main branches of the Indo-European language family: Anatolian, Tocharian, Italic, Celtic, Germanic, Greek, Armenian, Albanian, Indo-Iranian and Balto-Slavic.By highlighting that these branches are saliently different from each other, yet at the same time display striking similarities, the book demonstrates the early diversification of the Indo-European language family, spoken today by half the world's population.This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
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What are Indo-European Aryans?
Indo-European Aryans were a group of people who spoke the Indo-European language and were believed to have migrated from the Eurasian steppes into regions such as India, Iran, and Europe around 4000-2000 BCE. They were a nomadic, pastoral society with a hierarchical social structure and a pantheon of gods. The term "Aryan" has been misused in the past to promote racist ideologies, but it is important to understand the historical and linguistic context in which the Indo-European Aryans existed.
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What is Proto-Indo-European?
Proto-Indo-European is the hypothetical common ancestor of the Indo-European language family, which includes languages such as English, Spanish, Hindi, Russian, and many others. It is believed to have been spoken thousands of years ago, possibly around 4500-2500 BCE, in the Pontic-Caspian steppe region. Linguists have reconstructed Proto-Indo-European based on similarities found in the vocabulary, grammar, and phonology of its descendant languages. While no written records of Proto-Indo-European exist, its existence is inferred from the similarities among the Indo-European languages.
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What are Indo-European languages?
Indo-European languages are a large language family that includes over 400 languages and dialects spoken by about 3 billion people, making it the largest language family in the world. These languages are spoken primarily in Europe, Western and South Asia, and parts of the Americas. Some of the most widely spoken Indo-European languages include English, Spanish, Hindi, and Russian. The family is believed to have originated from a common ancestral language spoken thousands of years ago, and it has since diversified into the many languages we know today.
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How can one learn Indo-European?
One can learn Indo-European by studying its grammar, vocabulary, and phonology through textbooks, online resources, and language courses. It is important to familiarize oneself with the historical context and evolution of the language family to understand its structure and development. Practice speaking, writing, and listening to Indo-European languages to improve fluency and comprehension. Additionally, joining language exchange groups or finding a tutor can provide valuable opportunities for conversation and feedback.
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Indo-European Language and Culture : An Introduction
This revised and expanded edition provides a comprehensive overview of comparative Indo-European linguistics and the branches of the Indo-European language family, covering both linguistic and cultural material.Now offering even greater coverage than the first edition, it is the definitive introduction to the field. Updated, corrected, and expanded edition, containing new illustrations of selected texts and inscriptions, and text samples with translations and etymological commentary Extensively covers individual histories of both ancient and modern languages of the Indo-European family Provides an overview of Proto-Indo-European culture, society, and language Designed for use in courses, with exercises and suggestions for further reading included in each chapter Includes maps, a glossary, a bibliography, and comprehensive word and subject indexes
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From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic
This book describes the earliest reconstructable stages of the prehistory of English, focusing specifically on linguistic structure.It outlines the grammar of Proto-Indo-European, considers the changes by which one dialect of that prehistoric language developed into Proto-Germanic, and provides a detailed account of the grammar of Proto-Germanic.In the course of his exposition Don Ringe draws on a long tradition of work on many languages, including Hittite, Sanskrit, Greek, Latin, Slavic, Gothic, and Old Norse.This second edition has been significantly revised to provide a more in-depth account of Proto-Indo-European, with further exploration of disputed points; it has also been updated to include new developments in the field, particularly in the reconstruction of the Proto-Indo-European verb and nominal inflection.The author also reconsiders some of his original approaches to specific linguistic changes and their relative chronology based on his recent research.This new edition of the first volume in A Linguistic History of English will be of central interest to all scholars and students of comparative Indo-European and Germanic linguistics, the history of English, and historical linguistics more generally.The second volume, The Development of Old English by Don Ringe and Ann Taylor, was published by OUP in 2014 (paperback 2016)
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Indo-European Fire Rituals : Cattle and Cultivation, Cremation and Cosmogony
Indo-European Fire Rituals is a comparative study of Indo-European fire rituals from modern folklore and ethnography in Scandinavia and archaeological material in Europe from the Bronze Age onwards to the Vedic origins of cosmos in India and today’s cremations on open pyres in Hinduism. Exploring Indo-European fire rituals and sacrifices throughout history and fire in its fundamental role in rites and religious practices, this book analyses fire rituals as the unifying structure in time and space in Indo-European cultures from the Bronze Age onwards.It asks the question how and why was fire the ultimate power in culture and cosmology?Fire as an agent and divinity was fundamental in all major sacrifices.In Europe, ritual fires in relation to agriculture and fertility may also explain the enigma of cremation.Cremated remains were ground and used in fertility rituals, and ancestral fires played an essential role in metallurgy and the creation of cosmos.Thus, the role of fire rituals in culture and cosmology enables a unique understanding of historic developmental processes. For students and academics studying Indo-European culture history from the Bronze Age onwards, this book has a broad interdisciplinary audience including archaeology, ethnography, folklore, religious and Indo-European studies.
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Secrets of the Druids : From Indo-European Origins to Modern Practices
A guide to the history and practices of the Druids and the Celtic faith • Reconstructs the Druidic faith from surviving remnants, parallels with other Indo-European traditions, and dedicated study of scholarly sources • Details magical rites and ceremonies, methods for consecrating an outdoor temple, and customs for celebrating important festivals such as Beltaine and Samhain • Discusses rules for firecraft, making offerings to deities and spirits, and the ancient Coligny calendar, including the names of the months in old Gaulish Druids and their magic, lore, and rituals have fascinated all those who encounter them, from the ancient Greeks and Romans onward.Even today, the mere mention of their name evokes pictures of standing stones, mistletoe, golden sickles, white-robed priests, and powerful sorcerers.But were they really as we picture them? Drawing on comparative mythology and linguistics, archaeological evidence, and etymology, Teresa Cross offers readers a comprehensive course in the history and development of the Celtic spiritual tradition and its lore, reconstructing the Druidic faith from the remnants that have survived and dedicated study of scholarly sources.She also reveals parallels with other Indo-European traditions, such as the similarities between Celtic and Vedic Hindu beliefs and practices.She chronicles the ethics and spiritual teachings of Druidism and the Celtic faith and examines what happened to these beliefs during centuries of Christianization.Moving from history to practice, Cross details magical rites and ceremonies as practiced by modern-day followers of Druidactos.She explores the structure of the Touta, which roughly corresponds to “tribe,” methods for consecrating a nemeton, the outdoor temple that offers the optimum sacred space for the meeting of heaven and earth, and the rites and customs associated with important festivals such as Beltaine and Samhain.She also explores the rules of firecraft, the sacred art of giving to the cosmos, making offerings to deities and spirits, sacred food and beverages, and the ancient Coligny calendar, including the names of the months in old Gaulish.Offering an authentic handbook for starting your own Celtic group led by Druids, Cross reveals the meanings and metaphysics behind the Celtic and Druidic customs and traditions, reuniting the fragmentary remains of long-lost Druid culture with the still-living practices of the Celtic faith.
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Why is the origin Indo-European?
The origin of the Indo-European language family is believed to be in the Pontic-Caspian steppe region, which is located in present-day Ukraine and southern Russia. This region is considered the homeland of the Proto-Indo-European people, from whom the Indo-European languages are believed to have descended. Linguistic evidence, as well as archaeological and genetic research, supports the theory that the Indo-European languages spread from this region through migrations and cultural exchanges. The diverse and widespread nature of the Indo-European languages today can be traced back to this ancient origin in the Pontic-Caspian steppe.
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Are there any popular science books on Indo-European studies?
Yes, there are popular science books on Indo-European studies. Some well-known titles include "The Horse, the Wheel, and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World" by David W. Anthony and "The Indo-Europeans: In Search of the Homeland" by Alain de Benoist. These books provide accessible and engaging overviews of the history, culture, and language of the Indo-European peoples, making them popular choices for readers interested in the subject.
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Are there planned languages based on the Indo-European language family?
Yes, there are planned languages based on the Indo-European language family. One example is Latino sine Flexione, a simplified version of Latin created by Italian mathematician Giuseppe Peano. Another example is Interlingua, which was developed in the early 20th century and is based on the Romance languages within the Indo-European family. These planned languages were designed to be easy to learn and understand for speakers of Indo-European languages.
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Which peoples belong to the Aryan race and speak Indo-European languages?
The Aryan race is a controversial and outdated concept that has been discredited by modern scientific understanding. The term "Aryan" was historically used to describe a group of people who were believed to have migrated from Central Asia and spread across Europe and parts of Asia, and who spoke Indo-European languages. However, it is important to note that the concept of the Aryan race has been misused in the past to promote racist and supremacist ideologies. Today, the idea of the Aryan race is not considered valid, and it is important to approach discussions of language and ethnicity with sensitivity and respect for diverse cultures and histories.
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